Название: Лекции по теоретической грамматике английского языка - Тивьяева И. В.

Жанр: Языкознание

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3. Language means of expressing the theme and the rheme

Many  languages, like  English, resort to different means in order to signal a new topic, such as:

-           Stating it explicitly as the subject (which tends to be considered more topic- like by the speakers).

-           Using passive voice to transform an object into a subject (for the above reason).

-           Emphasizing the topic using clefting.

-           Through periphrastic constructions like "As for...", "Speaking of...", etc.

-           Using left dislocation (called topic fronting or topicalization, i. e. moving the topic to the beginning of the sentence).

Examples:

The dog bit the little girl.

The little girl was bitten by the dog. It was the little girl that the dog bit.

Speaking of the girl, she was bitten by the dog.

The little girl, the dog bit her.

 

Means to express the rheme include: a particular word order with a specific intonation contour, an emphatic construction, a contrastive complex, intensifying particles, the indefinite article, ellipsis, and graphical means.

Examples:

They found the report extremely valuable. – Extremely valuable they found the report.

It is the report that I need.

I need the report, not the statistical data. I need only the report.

The orchestra greeted the guests at the entrance. – There was an orchestra

greeting the guests at the entrance.

Where are you going? – To the movies. Please be careful. – I am being careful.

 




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